Anal warts may not be a topic people feel comfortable talking about, but they are more common than most realize. These small, flesh-colored bumps around or inside the anus can start out unnoticed — but left untreated, they may grow and cause discomfort or embarrassment.

In this article, we’ll break down everything you need to know about anal warts: what causes them, the symptoms to watch for, and when it’s time to see a doctor.

What Are Anal Warts?

Anal warts, also called condyloma acuminata, are a type of genital wart caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). They appear as small growths in and around the anus and can vary in size, shape, and number. Some are so tiny they go unnoticed, while others can multiply and form clusters that resemble cauliflower.

They are usually benign (non-cancerous), but the condition can progress if not treated — especially if caused by high-risk strains of HPV.

What Causes Anal Warts?

The primary cause of anal warts is infection with HPV, especially types 6 and 11, which are considered low-risk for cancer but high-risk for wart formation. HPV is transmitted through:

• Unprotected anal, vaginal, or oral sex

• Skin-to-skin contact with an infected area

• Sharing of sex toys

• In some rare cases, even non-sexual transmission through touch

It’s important to note that HPV is incredibly common — most sexually active adults will contract it at some point, often without even knowing it.

Who Is at Risk?

Anyone who is sexually active can develop anal warts, but certain factors increase your risk:

• Having multiple sexual partners

• Having unprotected sex

• Engaging in receptive anal intercourse

• A weakened immune system (e.g., HIV-positive individuals)

• History of other STIs

Symptoms of Anal Warts

Anal warts can vary from barely noticeable to highly irritating. Common symptoms include:

• Small, soft, flesh-colored bumps around the anus

• Itching or discomfort in the anal area

• Bleeding during bowel movements

• A sensation of a lump or fullness near the anus

• Mucus discharge

Sometimes, anal warts can grow inside the anal canal, making them invisible externally — but they may still cause discomfort or bleeding.

When to See a Doctor

It’s crucial to seek medical attention if you notice:

• Any new growths or bumps around your anal or genital area

• Persistent anal itching or irritation

• Bleeding from the rectum without an obvious cause (like hemorrhoids)

• A partner is diagnosed with HPV or genital warts

Early diagnosis can help prevent the spread of warts and reduce the risk of complications like recurrence or progression to pre-cancerous changes.

How Are Anal Warts Treated?

Treatment options depend on the size, number, and location of the warts. Common methods include:

• Prescription creams (e.g., imiquimod, podofilox)

• Cryotherapy (freezing the warts)

• Electrocautery (burning off warts with an electric current)

• Surgical excision

• Laser therapy (especially effective for larger or internal warts)

Even after treatment, HPV can remain in the body, so recurrence is possible. Regular follow-up is often recommended.

Prevention Tips

While there’s no guaranteed way to avoid HPV entirely, these steps can significantly lower your risk:

• Get the HPV vaccine (recommended for people up to age 45)

• Use condoms and dental dams during sex

• Limit the number of sexual partners

• Practice good hygiene

• Avoid sharing sex toys or clean them thoroughly between uses

Final Thoughts

Anal warts can be distressing, but they are treatable and manageable with the right care. Don’t let stigma or embarrassment delay you from getting checked — early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference in your comfort and long-term health.

If you’re experiencing symptoms or simply want peace of mind, consult a qualified proctologist or sexual health expert today.