FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery) is a surgical procedure used to treat chronic sinusitis and other sinus-related conditions. It is a minimally invasive approach that allows surgeons to visualize and access the sinuses through the nostrils using an endoscope, without the need for external incisions. Let’s delve into the causes and treatment of FESS:

Causes for FESS:

FESS is recommended when conservative medical treatments, such as antibiotics, nasal corticosteroids, and other therapies, have not provided sufficient relief for chronic sinusitis or other sinus issues. The primary causes that may lead to FESS include:

1. Chronic Sinusitis: This condition involves long-lasting inflammation and infection of the sinuses (usually lasting more than 12 weeks), which can result from various factors like:
   • Recurrent acute sinusitis: Frequent episodes of acute sinusitis can contribute to chronic inflammation.
   • Nasal polyps: Benign growths in the nasal or sinus passages can block drainage and cause chronic sinusitis.
   • Structural abnormalities: Deviated septum or other anatomical issues can obstruct sinus drainage, leading to chronic sinus problems.
   • Allergies: Allergic reactions can trigger inflammation in the sinuses, contributing to chronic sinusitis in susceptible individuals.
   • Infections: Untreated or poorly managed infections, including fungal sinusitis, can lead to ongoing sinus inflammation.

Treatment with FESS:

FESS aims to improve sinus function, alleviate symptoms, and resolve sinus-related issues. The procedure is typically performed by an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) surgeon and involves the following steps:

1. Endoscopic Visualization: The surgeon inserts an endoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera, into the nostrils to visualize the sinus passages and identify problem areas.
2. Tissue Removal: Using specialized instruments, the surgeon carefully removes diseased tissue, polyps, and other obstructions to improve sinus drainage and reduce inflammation.
3. Sinus Cleaning: The sinuses are irrigated and cleaned to remove debris, mucus, and infection.
4. Balloon Sinuplasty (optional): In some cases, a balloon catheter may be used to dilate the sinus openings and improve drainage.
5. Natural Healing: After the procedure, the sinus passages are allowed to heal naturally, and the normal sinus function is restored over time.

Recovery after FESS:

The recovery period after FESS can vary from person to person, but it is generally well-tolerated. Some aspects of recovery may include:

1. Hospital Stay: FESS is often performed as an outpatient procedure, meaning the patient can return home the same day or the day after the surgery.
2. Pain Management: Pain medications may be prescribed to manage post-operative discomfort.
3. Nasal Irrigation: Regular nasal saline irrigation is recommended to keep the sinuses clean and promote healing.
4. Follow-up Visits: Regular follow-up appointments with the surgeon are essential to monitor healing and address any concerns.
5. Rest and Recovery: It’s essential to rest and avoid strenuous activities for a few weeks after surgery to support healing.

FESS is generally considered safe and effective, and it has a high success rate in improving sinus function and alleviating chronic sinusitis symptoms. However, like any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications, so it’s important to discuss the benefits and risks with an ENT specialist to determine if FESS is the appropriate treatment option for your specific sinus condition.